Meniscus injury, or meniscal lesion, refers to the damage or degeneration of the meniscus—a cartilage structure in the knee joint that enhances flexibility, lubrication, and durability. The meniscus is nourished by joint fluid and is prone to injury due to its structure and function.
What Causes a Meniscus Tear?
Although commonly known as a sports injury, meniscus damage is also frequently seen in housewives and individuals performing sudden, forceful movements. It is typically caused by trauma to the knee joint.
- Young adults and athletes are especially at risk due to high-impact movements.
- While less frequent, elderly individuals can also experience meniscal injuries due to weakened cartilage.
- The most common causes include sudden twisting motions, falls, or carrying heavy items in a rushed manner.
Common Symptoms of Meniscus Injury
Patients with a meniscus tear may experience a variety of knee joint symptoms, such as:
- Pain, swelling, and tenderness in the knee
- Instability or a feeling of the knee giving out
- Limited range of motion
- Knee locking or catching during movement
These signs often develop after an acute injury but can also appear gradually over time.
How Is Meniscus Injury Diagnosed?
Diagnosing a meniscus injury requires both a detailed patient history and a comprehensive physical examination. This is essential since symptoms may mimic other joint conditions.
Diagnostic Process:
- Your doctor will take a thorough history of your symptoms and recent activities.
- A physical examination will focus on the affected area of the knee.
- Specific orthopedic tests like the McMurray Test and Apley Test may be performed to assess meniscal damage.
- If needed, imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) will be used for a more accurate diagnosis.
In cases where conservative treatment is not sufficient, arthroscopic surgery may be recommended.
Treatment Options for Meniscus Injuries
Meniscus treatment depends on the severity of the tear and the patient’s activity level.
Non-Surgical Treatments:
- Rest and activity modification
- Cold therapy (ice packs)
- Medication to reduce inflammation and pain
- Physical therapy, especially exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee
Surgical Treatments:
- In more severe or unresponsive cases, arthroscopic surgery may be needed to remove the torn portion of the meniscus.
Strengthening the knee muscles through targeted exercises is critical for recovery and long-term joint health.
How to Prevent Meniscus Tears
To reduce the risk of meniscus injury, especially for those with a history of joint issues, follow these expert-backed recommendations:
- Avoid stairs and steep slopes as much as possible; if necessary, descend with the affected leg first, followed by the other leg.
- Avoid kneeling or sitting on the knees
- Refrain from contact sports or activities that involve sudden knee movements.
- Incorporate knee-strengthening exercises into your routine to stabilize the joint.
Source: Physical Therapy Encyclopedia / Kasım SEZEN