Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that causes pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which controls sensation in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger, becomes compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression leads to the classic symptoms associated with the condition.
What Causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome usually does not result from a single cause. Instead, multiple factors can contribute to the compression of the median nerve.
Common risk factors include:
- A naturally narrow or small carpal tunnel (genetics)
- Wrist injuries (fractures, dislocations, sprains)
- Excessive use of a keyboard and mouse
- Hormonal or metabolic changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
- Repetitive wrist use in jobs like gardening, carpentry, cooking, or driving
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Thyroid imbalances
- Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Typical symptoms of CTS include:
- Tingling, burning, or pain in the fingers
- A sensation of swelling in the fingers
- Difficulty gripping or holding small objects
- Decreased hand strength
- Nighttime pain and numbness that can disrupt sleep
Symptoms usually start gradually and may be mild at first. As the condition progresses, episodes become more frequent and last longer. Activities such as driving, reading, or using a computer may aggravate symptoms. Nocturnal symptoms are very common due to wrist flexion during sleep, often waking the person with discomfort.
Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Diagnosis begins with a thorough review of the patient’s medical history, job description, and existing health conditions. A physical examination is performed to assess the hand, wrist, and shoulder, and to differentiate CTS from conditions like cervical disc herniation, which may have similar symptoms.
Common Physical Tests:
- Tinel’s Sign: Tapping the carpal tunnel with a reflex hammer may trigger symptoms.
- Phalen’s Test: Holding the backs of the hands together in front of the chest for 1 minute; if symptoms occur, the test is positive.
The gold standard for diagnosis is Electromyography (EMG). If another underlying issue is suspected, MRI, X-rays, or ultrasound may be used. A clear and accurate diagnosis is essential before starting treatment.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment
Treatment options are divided into non-surgical and surgical approaches. Most cases respond well to conservative methods, especially when diagnosed early.
Non-Surgical Treatments
1. Activity Modification
Avoid or reduce activities that strain the wrist. Ergonomic improvements at work can be essential, especially for those in repetitive hand-use professions.
2. Physical Therapy and Exercises
Therapeutic exercises are crucial to reduce pain, swelling, and numbness. Stretching, strengthening, and nerve gliding exercises support nerve function and tissue recovery.
3. Wrist Splints
Wrist braces help relieve pressure on the median nerve, especially at night, and prevent further irritation.
4. Medication
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and pain relievers may help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Physical Therapy for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Physical therapy plays a key role in symptom relief. Techniques include:
- Manual therapy and massage to support joint health
- Electrotherapy and kinesio taping to boost blood flow and stabilize muscles
- Personalized stretching, strengthening, and nerve mobilization exercises
All methods must be tailored to the individual’s needs to ensure optimal results.
You can find guided exercise routines targeting flexibility, strength, and nerve circulation for carpal tunnel syndrome directly on the MoovBuddy app.
Surgical Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Surgery is considered if symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatments for at least six months.
Types of Surgery:
- Open surgery
- Endoscopic (minimally invasive) surgery
In both methods, the goal is to relieve pressure on the median nerve by cutting the ligament compressing it. The surgical technique is chosen based on the patient’s health status, lifestyle, and symptom severity.
Post-surgical rehabilitation is essential to restore hand function. A proper exercise plan should be initiated immediately after surgery.With MoovBuddy, you can access wrist-specific exercises designed to improve flexibility, strength, and nerve circulation during your recovery.