In rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, treatment typically follows one of two paths: surgical or non-surgical. The course of treatment is determined by physicians based on the progression of the disease, the patient’s pain tolerance, and the degree of joint deformity.
The main goals in treating rheumatoid arthritis are to: Relieve pain, prevent joint damage and swelling, restore or maintain joint function.
Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Early intervention—before irreversible joint damage occurs—can significantly improve outcomes. For a detailed list of symptoms, you can refer to our article: “What Are the Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?” and consult a specialist if needed.
Physicians usually begin treatment with pain-relieving medications. In later stages, when irreversible joint damage has occurred, minor surgical procedures may be performed to help preserve joint position and function. These surgeries do not repair the joint damage but aim to make joints more functional.
During both post-operative recovery and medication therapy, supportive techniques such as: Electrotherapy, heat therapy, light-based massage may be recommended.
Patients undergoing treatment—whether surgical or non-surgical—often need to adjust their daily routines to accommodate their condition.
Managing the non-joint-related symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis is just as important as treating joint damage. In particular, cardiovascular and respiratory complications should be closely monitored. Patients must follow the treatment plan prescribed by their physician rigorously, as heart disease is the leading cause of death in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
Physical Therapy: The Cornerstone of Treatment
Physical therapy is essential at every stage of rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, it is often used as a preventive measure. Physical therapy helps alleviate:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Loss of function
Exercise, in particular, plays a vital role in treatment. It’s crucial that exercises are performed consistently and correctly.
In joint-damaging diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, personalized and supervised exercise programs are necessary. Strong muscles around the joints reduce joint load, helping to slow the progression of symptoms and prevent further damage.
Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis
1. Exercise Therapy
Maintains and improves physical fitness and joint function.
2. Electrotherapy Applications
Plays an important role in managing pain and swelling.
3. Orthotics and Assistive Devices
Splints and orthoses help maintain joint function and alignment, especially in the case of dislocations or deformities caused by joint damage.
4. Behavioral Therapy
Important for addressing chronic pain, depression, and anxiety that may arise due to physical limitations.
5. Diet & Nutrition
Mediterranean diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids (especially from fish) are recommended.
Nerve Entrapments and Complications
Another common issue among rheumatoid arthritis patients is the development of entrapment neuropathies, such as:
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome
These conditions, caused by nerve compression near frequently affected joints, can significantly lower a patient’s quality of life.
The simplest and most cost-effective solution to these complications is exercise and physical therapy.
Whether you undergo surgery or receive medical treatment, physical therapy is essential in managing pain and deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis.