Commonly known as arthritis, osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the cartilage between the joints wears down, leading to inflammation and discomfort. The most commonly affected joints include the hips, knees, spine, and hands.
The likelihood of developing osteoarthritis increases with age. Symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.
Causes of Osteoarthritis
It is normal for joints to experience some degree of wear and tear in daily life. The body naturally repairs minor joint damage, preventing symptoms from appearing. However, in osteoarthritis, the cartilage covering the ends of bones is excessively damaged.
In advanced cases, the cartilage may completely deteriorate, causing bones to rub against each other. This friction leads to inflammation, irritation of the tendons (which connect muscles to bones), and overall joint deterioration.
Risk Factors
Although the exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, certain factors may increase the risk:
Age: The leading risk factor for osteoarthritis is aging, as joint wear increases over time.
Gender: Women are more prone to osteoarthritis than men. This risk significantly increases after menopause due to the effects of hormonal changes on joint health.
Previous Injuries: Past bone fractures or ligament injuries increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis later in life.
Obesity: Excess weight puts extra stress on the joints, accelerating cartilage wear.
Repetitive Joint Use: Occupations or sports that involve repetitive movements or excessive strain on a specific joint can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis increases an individual’s likelihood of developing the condition.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis include:
Pain: Aches and discomfort in the affected joint during or after activity.
Stiffness: Feeling stiffness in the joints, especially after periods of inactivity or upon waking up.
Limited Range of Motion: Reduced flexibility and mobility in the affected joint.
Swelling: Inflammation and fluid buildup in the joint.
Cracking or Popping Sounds: Grinding or cracking sensations due to joint deterioration.
Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis
The first step in diagnosing osteoarthritis is a physical examination by a doctor. The evaluation includes joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and mobility tests.
To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may use imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRI scans.
Osteoarthritis Treatment
Both surgical and non-surgical treatments are available for osteoarthritis. In most cases, non-surgical options are preferred as the first line of treatment.
Non-Surgical Treatment Methods
Physical Therapy & Exercise
The most important part of osteoarthritis treatment is physical therapy and exercise. Manual therapy techniques, mobility exercises, and strengthening programs should be tailored to each patient and their stage of osteoarthritis.
Stretching exercises help maintain and improve joint flexibility. Mobility exercises prevent stiffness and improve joint movement. Strengthening exercises support the surrounding muscles, reducing joint stress.
You can find specialized exercise programs in MoovBuddy, designed by physiotherapists and doctors, to reduce pain and regain mobility!
Weight Management
For overweight patients, reducing body weight helps decrease stress on the joints and slows disease progression.
Medications
Doctors may prescribe pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs to help manage osteoarthritis symptoms.
Joint Injections
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
Corticosteroid Injections
These injections can help reduce pain and inflammation in the affected joint.
Surgical Treatments
If non-surgical methods fail to relieve symptoms, surgical interventions may be necessary. There are various types of osteoarthritis surgeries, including:
Joint Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty): The damaged joint is replaced with an artificial implant. Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis): The bones of a joint are permanently fused to eliminate movement-related pain. Arthroscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure to clean and remove damaged cartilage within the joint.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease that can significantly impact daily life. However, with early diagnosis and proper management, symptoms can be effectively controlled.
Take action today with MoovBuddy’s expert-designed exercises and physiotherapy programs to reduce pain, improve mobility, and protect your joint health!