Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common orthopedic complaints. The plantar fascia is a thin tendon-like structure that connects your heel to the base of your toes. It supports the longitudinal arch of the foot and helps reduce friction and impact when the foot touches the ground, making walking more efficient. It also plays a role in evenly distributing weight across the sole of the foot.
Plantar fasciitis occurs when this structure on the sole becomes inflamed. It’s similar to the feeling of tightness or “knots” in other tendons of the body. However, as the condition progresses, the tendon may harden and behave like bone, causing a sharp, stabbing pain in the foot when pressure is applied. This pain is very similar to the sensation caused by a heel spur, which is why the two are often confused.
Difference Between Heel Spur and Plantar Fasciitis:
- In heel spurs, the pain is caused by a calcified structure pressing into the foot.
- In plantar fasciitis, the sharp pain results from inflammation and stiffness in the soft tissue of the plantar fascia.
What Causes Plantar Fasciitis?
If left untreated, uneven weight distribution on the foot joints can lead to ligament tears and larger joint problems. It may also damage surrounding muscle tissues. Avoiding the use of the affected foot may further contribute to joint degeneration or calcification in the area.
The most common cause of plantar fasciitis is excess weight and obesity. Increased load puts additional stress on the plantar fascia, leading to inflammation. Additionally, wearing high-arched shoes or high heels can also contribute to the development of the condition.
Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis
- Pain is often most intense in the morning when taking the first steps out of bed or after periods of inactivity.
- Climbing stairs can become difficult due to stiffness in the heel.
- Pain tends to worsen after prolonged activity, not during, but immediately after stopping.
Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis
To reduce inflammation in the fascia, it is recommended to apply cold compresses for 15–20 minutes several times a day. This helps slow down circulation and reduce swelling. However, care must be taken to avoid circulatory complications, especially in extreme cases.
After cold therapy, you can use arch supports or orthotic devices to help relieve strain. Injections may help manage the pain, but they do not treat the underlying cause.
The cornerstone of plantar fasciitis treatment is physical therapy. Targeted stretching of specific muscles in the area can significantly aid in healing. If non-invasive treatments fail, surgical intervention may be considered as a last resort.
Prepared by Intern Physiotherapist Hamdi Berat Çil for Moovbuddy.com